Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Tumor Progression: An Update on PI3K/AKT/MTOR and MAPK axis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62896/Keywords:
Oncogenic signaling, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, MAPK pathway, tumor progression, cancer therapy, molecular mechanisms, targeted therapies, cellular proliferation, metastasis, kinase inhibitors.Abstract
Oncogenic signaling pathways play a crucial role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of various cancers. Among these, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling axes are frequently implicated in tumorigenesis and are considered key drivers of tumor cell survival, proliferation, and resistance to therapy. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway regulates cellular processes such as growth, metabolism, and survival, while the MAPK pathway, comprising multiple kinases like ERK, JNK, and p38, is involved in cell differentiation, migration, and stress responses. Dysregulation of these pathways often results in uncontrolled cellular proliferation and metastasis. Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these signaling pathways have led to the development of targeted therapies aimed at inhibiting specific components within these pathways. This paper provides a comprehensive update on the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK axes in tumor progression, focusing on their molecular interactions, functional implications in cancer, and the emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways. Understanding these signaling networks is critical for developing more effective treatments for cancer patients.
