Phytochemicals in Traditional Medicine: A Modern Approach to Evidence-Based Herbal Therapies

Abstract

Monkeypox (Mpox), a zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), has reemerged as a significant global public health challenge. Historically endemic to Central and West Africa, its spread to non-endemic regions during the 2022 outbreak underscored the need for innovative therapeutic and preventive strategies. Traditional Mpox management has relied on repurposed smallpox antivirals and vaccines, such as Tecovirimat and Jynneos, but challenges persist in terms of drug resistance, accessibility, affordability, and vaccine hesitancy. Recent advancements include the development of nextgeneration antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory therapies, and host-targeted treatments. Emerging technologies like CRISPR gene editing, nanomedicine, and artificial intelligence-driven drug discovery are poised to revolutionize Mpox treatment, offering precision-targeted interventions and enhanced outcomes. Furthermore, public health strategies inspired by smallpox eradication highlight the importance of equitable vaccine distribution, robust surveillance, and international collaboration. Addressing current challenges while leveraging these advancements holds promise for reducing Mpox's burden and preventing future outbreaks. Achieving global eradication will require sustained investment in innovative science, healthcare infrastructure, and global health policies.